Power grid operator PJM launches ‘fast-track plan’ to confront surge in data center electricity demand
The Big Picture
Power grid opertor PJM, New Jersey’s regional grid operator, will explore options for adding large loads to the power grid without threatening reliability. PJM is planning to file a propsal with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) by the end of the year.
The latest capacity auction from PJM New Jersey’s regional grid operator, is expected to result in a year-over-year increase of up to 5% in electricity bills for New Jersey customers starting in June 2026. This comes on the heels of a 20% increase in electric power rates that took effect in New Jersey on June 1.
What’s going on?
The chairman of PJM, the organization that manages the electric grid for a large portion of the U.S., including New Jersey, sent a letter to stakeholders Aug. 8 outlining challenges the power grid is facing due to increased demand for electricity, especially from new data centers.
These data center facilities are being built quickly and use a lot of power. PJM projects that by 2030, electricity demand will increase by 32 gigawatts (GW), with 30 GW of that coming just from data centers.
Why does this matter?
This growth in demand is putting stress on the electricity system. It’s making electricity more expensive and is raising concerns about whether there will be enough power to go around in the future. It’s also hard to predict exactly how much demand will grow and how fast.
What is PJM doing about it?
- PJM is working through a backlog of projects to bring new power generation online. They’ve already approved 46,000 MW of new power and are pushing through more.
- But many of these projects face delays due to issues like slow government permits and supply chain problems.
- In their most recent electricity capacity auction, PJM barely had enough supply to meet expected demand.
What’s the plan?
PJM’s board says this issue is urgent and they’re launching a fast-track process (called the Critical Issue Fast Path, or CIFP) to work with stakeholders on a solution. The goal is to reach consensus on a proposal by the end of 2025 and have it ready to be in effect by 2028.
What will the solution focus on?
- Resource adequacy: Making sure there’s enough power generation to meet demand, especially from new data centers.
- Reliability criteria: Deciding when to trigger special measures and when to stop using them.
- Interconnection rules: Possibly changing how new users (like data centers) connect to the grid.
- Coordination: Making sure PJM, local utilities, states, and large energy users like data centers work together.
- Timing: Fast-tracking the solution in time for a major auction that decides future electricity supply and pricing.
Go Deeper
As electricity demand from data centers surges across the Mid-Atlantic region, the board of PJM Interconnection has initiated an expedited planning effort to safeguard the reliability of the power grid.
In a letter dated August 8, the PJM Board of Managers stated that “recent increases in large load additions, mainly from data centers, present both opportunities and challenges for the regional grid.” The board announced that it will use the Critical Issue Fast Path (CIFP) stakeholder process to seek consensus on a regulatory proposal, which could result in a filing with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) by December 2025.
The scale of projected demand growth is dramatic. PJM’s 2025 long-term forecast shows a peak load growth of 32 gigawatts (GW) from 2024 to 2030. “Of this, approximately 30 GW is projected to be from data centers,” the board wrote.
That growth, the letter warned, is already straining the system. “This onrush of demand has created significant upward pricing pressure and has raised future resource adequacy concerns,” reads the letter. While PJM says the organization has taken steps to approve new generation, challenges remain.
According to the letter, PJM’s 2022 interconnection queue reform has led to progress: “Over 140,000 MW of queued generation projects” have been processed, and “a total of 46,000 MW of new generation have signed interconnection agreements and are ready to construct.” The remaining backlog is expected to be cleared within “the next six to eighteen months.”
PJM has come under fire in recent months for dragging its feet bringing new energy projects into the grid. PJM alleges that the projects are being hampered “by factors outside PJM’s control, such as siting and permitting challenges and supply chain backlogs.”
In the most recent Reliability Pricing Model (RPM) auction for the 2026/2027 delivery year, the system was nearly maxed out. “PJM committed nearly 100% of the supply that was offered to meet the projected needs of customers,” the board wrote. “The updated load forecast reflects even tighter conditions, mainly because of the projected integration of large loads.”
To address these emerging risks, PJM is calling on stakeholders to develop “reliability-focused solutions to ensure large loads can continue to be integrated rapidly and reliably, without causing resource inadequacy.” Solutions may be transitional, permanent, or both.
The board indicated these solutions “may include adjustments to the load utilized and/or cleared through RPM auctions, if such load is not capacity backed.” It also encouraged prioritizing “existing resource adequacy tools, including demand response and options for customers to bring new generation to address their load requirements,” and emphasized the importance of “competitive, market-based solutions.”
The PJM process will center around five focus areas outlined in the board’s letter:
- Resource Adequacy: The board seeks mechanisms to “ensure large loads can continue to be integrated rapidly and reliably,” without causing shortages in supply.
- Reliability Criteria: If applicable, “criteria should be established for when this reliability-focused solution is triggered and for when it is no longer necessary.”
- Interconnection Rules: Stakeholders are encouraged to consider “whether further changes to interconnection rules targeting resource adequacy challenges should be advanced.”
- Coordination: The board emphasized the need for “proper coordination between PJM and the parties who establish contracts/agreements with large loads, PJM states and impacted customers.” This includes “recognition of jurisdictional boundaries and data center relationships with existing Load Serving Entities and/or Electric Distribution Companies.”
- Timing: PJM intends for any new framework to be in place in time for the RPM Base Residual Auction for the 2028/2029 Delivery Year. To that end, PJM scheduled an initial workshop for August 18, 2025, with a “target for FERC filing: December 2025” and final “implementation: 2028/2029 BRA.”
The CIFP process itself is designed to be responsive and fast-moving. The board said it “places the utmost importance on PJM’s responsibility to ensure the reliability and security of the bulk electric power system and to serve all load that is connected to the system.”
A recent stakeholder survey revealed “growing consensus that finding solutions to the potential resource adequacy challenges posed by rapidly interconnecting large loads should be one of PJM’s highest priorities.” The board said it agrees.
This new CIFP process builds on discussions from a “large load addition workshop conducted on May 9, 2025,” and aims to ensure all parties—including states, utilities, and major power users—are part of the planning process.
Before the formal CIFP begins, the letter notes that PJM “will schedule the above-referenced workshop that will serve as a forum for PJM to receive feedback on the proposed scope of the CIFP and to present its initial proposal.”
In closing, the board expressed its gratitude for stakeholder involvement. “The Board looks forward to engaging with stakeholders on this important initiative and thanks you for your continued participation in our robust stakeholder process.”
The letter was signed by David E. Mills, chair of the PJM Board of Managers.
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Krystal Knapp is the founder of The Jersey Vindicator and the hyperlocal news website Planet Princeton. Previously she was a reporter at The Trenton Times for a decade. Prior to becoming a journalist she worked for Centurion, a Princeton-based nonprofit that works to free the innocent from prison. A graduate of Smith College, she earned her master's of divinity degree from Princeton Theological Seminary and her master's certificate in entrepreneurial journalism from The Craig Newmark School of Journalism at CUNY.
